True or False: According to behaviorist theory, all behavior is learned through conditioning.

Answer: True. Behaviorist theory, proposed by psychologists such as B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the role of conditioning in learning. According to this perspective, behavior is shaped through reinforcement and punishment.

True or False: According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children develop cognitively through stages, with each stage marked by distinct cognitive abilities.

Answer: True. Piaget's theory posits that children progress through four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Each stage is characterized by specific cognitive abilities and ways of thinking.

True or False: Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and cultural factors in cognitive development.

Answer: True. Vygotsky's theory highlights the importance of social interactions, cultural tools, and the zone of proximal development (ZPD) in cognitive development. He believed that learning occurs within a social context and is mediated by cultural tools such as language and symbols.

True or False: Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that there are only two types of intelligence: verballinguistic and logicalmathematical.

Answer: False. Gardner's theory proposes that there are multiple intelligences, including verballinguistic, logicalmathematical, visualspatial, bodilykinesthetic, musicalrhythmic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences. This theory suggests that individuals possess varying strengths and abilities across these different intelligences.

True or False: Selfdetermination theory posits that intrinsic motivation, which arises from internal factors, is more conducive to longterm engagement and achievement than extrinsic motivation.

Answer: True. Selfdetermination theory suggests that intrinsic motivation, driven by internal factors such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, leads to greater engagement, persistence, and wellbeing compared to extrinsic motivation, which arises from external rewards or pressures.